Polycystic ovary syndrome

What is polycystic ovary syndrome?
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by an unusual increase in androgens (male hormones),

which affects egg maturation. Instead of being released during ovulation, the eggs develop into cysts, small bags filled with liquid. These cysts accumulate in the ovaries and increase in volume of acestora.In case of PCOS, the ovaries are enlarged and the surface is covered with numerous cysts, harmless in itself, but can lead to amenorrhea (absence of menstruation) or oligomenorrhea (decrease volume and duration of menstrual flow) and therefore cause infertility.
Polycystic ovary syndrome, also known as Stein-Leventhal syndrome is a hormonal disorder that affects 6-10% of polycystic ovary femei.Sindromul is regarded as the most common illness responsible for ovarian dysfunction in women fertile. This condition plays an important role in causing infertility. Polycystic ovary syndrome may affect multiple systems and can cause long-term consequences on health.
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a chronic disease that occurs in young women, characterized by a combination of symptoms: obesity, hirsutism (excessive hair growth), infertility, menstrual irregularities and enlargement of the ovaries, which are pearl, fibrous (hard have lost its elasticity) covered in cysts.

What is the mechanism of PCOS?
This gynecologic disease and endocrine (hormonal influences) is characterized by the appearance of symptoms due to increased secretion of androgens (hyperandrogenic) by the ovaries.
The disease is associated with a malfunction of the pituitary gland (which is located at the base of the brain and glands that regulate all body) and hypothalamus (which regulates pituitary gland function). So it is a disturbance of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis.
If disturbances occur PCOS hormone LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle) which determine the development of anarchic (disordered) of ovarian follicles, accompanied by the lack of egg release during ovulation and cyst formation. Ovarian follicle in the ovary cavity that develops a ovul.De puberty, the beginning of each woman's menstrual cycle, a follicle grows, proemineaza the surface of the ovary and bursts to release an egg in 14-day: this is ovulation.
Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) exhibit an excess of insulin ie hyperinsulinemia. Hyperinsulinemia reflects insulin resistance, probably related to genetic abnormalities of the insulin receptor. This results in stimulating the ovaries and therefore increase the secretion of androgens.

What causes PCOS?
We do not know the exact cause of PCOS appearance (SOP). Researchers believe that insulin resistance associated with FSH and LH hormone imbalance (important for regulating the menstrual cycle) contribute to this disease.

What are the risk factors?
The main risk factor for polycystic ovary syndrome is hereditary. Sisters and daughters of women with polycystic ovary syndrome have a 50% risk to develop disease.
Valproate (madicament antiepileptic), long-term use may increase the risk of developing polycystic ovary syndrome.

What are the symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome?
There are a wide range of symptoms in polycystic ovary syndrome. Among the most common symptoms include:
Irregular menstrual 1.Ciclu
Irregular menstrual periods are symptoms most commonly associated with polycystic ovary syndrome. Women may notice a decrease in volume and duration of menstrual flow (oligomenorrhea) or lack of menstruation for 6 months or more (amenorrhea) .50% of women with polycystic ovary syndrome amenorrhea blame.
2.Infertilitate (sterility)
Most women do not know that he suffers from polycystic ovary syndrome until trying to get pregnant. Infertility is a problem with about 75% of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. If you become pregnant, these women have a higher risk of miscarriage.
3.Acnee
It is characterized by blackheads, whiteheads or pimples appear on the skin carries. Acne is associated with excess androgens that cause increased secretion from the sebaceous glands pielii.85% of women over 20 years with acne also suffer from polycystic ovary syndrome.
4.Obezitate
Approximately 50% of women with polycystic ovary syndrome are obese, and most shows a predominant distribution of adipose tissue in the abdomen (android type obesity).
5.Boli heart, high blood pressure and high cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia)
Abdominal obesity increases the risk of these diseases.
6.Diabetul mellitus type 2 (does not require insulin to be balanced)
Diabetes is linked to insulin resistance (insulin receptor genetic abnormalities). Obesity is a risk factor for diabetes.
7.Acanthosis nigricans
This is a place characterized by the appearance of dark skin (brown-gray), located in the neck and axilla (armpits). About half of women with polycystic ovary syndrome suffer from acanthosis nigricans. The appearance of this disease is due to production of large quantities of insulin.
8.Hirsutism (excessive hair growth)
Excessive hair growth is due to increased secretion of androgens by ovare.Se manifested by dense hair, long, thick and pigmented areas appeared in an unusual woman, beard, cheeks, upper lip, breast areola, the region between the breasts, the line middle of the abdomen, upper thighs.
9.Caderea loss (alopecia) or thinning hair

What are the complications of polycystic ovary syndrome?
Endometrial cancer can be a complication of polycystic ovary syndrome. Irregular menstrual cycles, the long term can lead to development of cancer cells in the uterine lining (endometrium).
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome are at risk of infertility, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol in the blood), diabetes or heart disease.
If women with polycystic ovary syndrome become pregnant have an increased risk of miscarriage, multiple pregnancy and gestational diabetes.