Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder wall. The gallbladder is a pear-shaped organ located under the right side of abdomen just below the liver.
The gallbladder stores and releases bile, a greenish-brown liquid produced in the liver that helps digest fats. When the body needs bile to digest fats, the gallbladder contracts and pushes bile into the bile ducts that carry the small intestine (duodenum). Cholecystitis frequently affects women more than men and are more likely to occur after age 40.
What types of cholecystitis?
There are two types of cholecystitis: acute cholecystitis and chronic cholecystitis.
• Acute Cholecystitis is inflammation of sudden (acute) of the gallbladder that causes severe and constant pain in the upper abdomen. Gallbladder inflammation without bacterial infection usually starts, but time is superimposed bacterial infection and can progress to gangrene (tissue death) and even perforation. Gallstones are responsible for most (90%) episodes of acute cholecystitis, but in rare cases may be secondary to bladder tumors.
• Chronic Cholecystitis is inflammation of the long-term (chronic) of the gallbladder that causes a prolonged period of pain. This is due to repeated episodes of acute cholecystitis that affect the gall bladder, ie bladder walls become thickened and hard, so the gallbladder begins to shrink and can not store and release bile.
What causes cholecystitis?
In most cases this is due to gallstone cholecystitis. Cholecystitis occurs when a stone obstructs the cystic duct that carries bile from the gallbladder in common bile duct. So the ball remains blocked gall bladder, leading to inflammation of the gallbladder wall and increased pressure within it.
Cholecystitis can be caused by a bacterial infection, tumors or severe trauma to the gallbladder. Recent research indicates that women with intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnancy (bile reflux condition caused by the liver) have an increased risk of developing cholecystitis.
Acalculoasa cholecystitis (acalculous) is a potentially severe form of cholecystitis that develop in the absence of gallstones. Occurs more frequently in children, people with diabetes or AIDS and men over 65 years. Other causes of acalculous cholecystitis are major trauma, surgery, burns, infections that affect the entire body, collagen, etc.. Cholecystitis acalculoasa observed in patients hospitalized in intensive care wards of hospitals that are fed intravenously for long periods (parenteral nutrition).
What are the symptoms of cholecystitis?
The main symptom is acute or chronic cholecystitis biliary colic. Biliary colic is characterized by pain that begins in the upper abdomen (epigastric or right area) and radiates in the back, between shoulder blades or right shoulder. This pain generally worsens during deep breathing. The pain occurs after heavy meals rich in fat, eggs, cream, creams, then fermented cheese, cabbage, alcohol. Also, physical fatigue, nervous mood, anger, strong emotions, can facilitate the appearance of cold biliary colic. While pain can become excruciating, the patient complaining of nausea and vomiting. The pain often lasts for 12 hours or more. Muscles from the right side of the abdomen may become rigid (defensive muscle) and fever may occur (although the fever may be absent in the elderly). Some patients with chronic cholecystitis less severe abdominal pain, indigestion and belching (deletion loud mouth, the gas contained in the stomach).
What are the complications of cholecystitis?
• vesicular hydrops is therefore complete and prolonged obstruction of the cystic duct, gallbladder with accumulation of secretions albicioase.Durerea is low intensity and relaxed gallbladder is palpable. Hydrops increases the risk of perforation of the gallbladder, as well as empyema and gangrene.
• vesicular empyema is the accumulation of pus in the gallbladder, bile became infected. This infection may increase risk of perforation of the gall bladder infection that could allow passage of blood or other body parts.
• Gangrene. Untreated can cause cholecystitis and gallbladder tissue death (gangrene), which in turn may lead to gallbladder perforation.
• gallbladder perforation is a serious complication, followed by peritonitis.
• Other complications are angiocolitis (bacterial infection of the bile duct), liver abscess (purulent collection formed in the liver), acute pancreatitis (severe inflammation of the pancreas), or cholecystojejunostomy colecistoduodenale-colic fistula (abnormal communication between gallbladder and duodenum or colon) .
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